AI in Sport: A Review of Ethical Challenges in Fairness, Privacy, and Transparency

Paper ID : 1271-SPORTCONGRESS

Authors

Mina Mallaei *, Mohammadreza Mirzaei Liavoli University of Guilan

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping the landscape of professional and amateur sports, offering unprecedented advancements in performance analysis, coaching, officiating, and fan engagement. However, this rapid technological integration has outpaced the development of corresponding ethical and regulatory frameworks, raising significant concerns about the fundamental values of sport. This review aims to synthesize the primary ethical challenges arising from the application of AI in the sports industry. Methods: We conducted a literature search on Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Wiley, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science. Keywords included: "Artificial Intelligence", "sport governance", "AI ethics", "sport ethics", "AI in sport", "democracy", "sports performance", "sports technology", and "sports data". We analyzed relevant articles. Results: The findings reveal four major areas of ethical concern. First, Fairness and Bias emerges as a critical issue, as AI systems trained on biased datasets can perpetuate and amplify existing inequalities related to gender, race, and disability, thereby undermining fair play3. Second, Privacy and Data Protection is a significant risk due to the extensive collection of sensitive biometric and health data from athletes, creating vulnerabilities for data misuse and breaches without informed consent. Third, the "black box" nature of many algorithms leads to a lack of Transparency and Explainability, which erodes trust and makes it difficult to hold AI-driven decisions accountable. Finally, a clear framework for Accountability is absent, leaving ambiguity about who is responsible for errors or negative outcomes caused by AI systems. Conclusion: While AI holds immense potential to enhance sport, its implementation must be guided by robust ethical principles to protect athletes' rights and the integrity of competition. The development of global standards, transparent governance, and a commitment to human oversight are imperative to ensure that technological innovation serves, rather than subverts, the core values of sport.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Sport Ethics, Fair Play, Data Privacy, Sport Technology

Status: Abstract Accepted (Poster Presentation)